The gradual destruction of the joint structures of the knee, followed by the deformation of the bone tissue of the berets and the femur, is called osteoarthritis of the knee joint, the symptoms and the treatment, as well as the mechanism of development of the disease are similar to other osteoarthritis (pelvic, ankle). It can be a bilateral side. In the last case, the disease proceeds even more difficult, since the possibility of recovery is reduced by half, and a faster person loses its extension.
The second name of the disease is gonarrosis (by location). Unlike arthritis, which is characterized by an acute inflammatory process, gonarrosis develops chronically and leads to a complete immobility of the joint, and only occasionally shows signs of inflammation.
Causes of the disease
Most of the time, the osteoarthritis of the knee joint (symptoms and treatment) is caused by a cause, but by its combination.
The most common:
- Repeated microtraumas of joint structures associated with a large load in the knee (characteristics of profession, professional sport);
- knee injuries, meniscus damage (after an accident, severe blow);
- The consequence of arthritis, especially in combination with other factors;
- congenital defects in the development of the knee joint;
- flat feet;
- skeletal deformations (spine curvature);
- overweight;
- hormonal changes (menopause, diabetes);
- Long -term stress and others.
You can discover what is the difference between arthritis and osteoarthritis in this article.
All about the arthralgia of the knees joints to be here.
Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Depending on the severity of symptoms, the development of the disease is divided into 3 stages. The symptoms of the early development of gonarrosis vary greatly and have no details. In the first stage of pathology, the following signs are possible:
- Knee pain during the squat, climbing the stairs;
- joint pain after a long load or cooling;
- The knee can hurt at the end of the day or in the morning;
- The stock and pain in the morning pass after daily work.
In the future, characteristic symptoms of 2 and 3 stages appear (by growth):
- The pain becomes sharp and prolonged;
- Swelling in the joint;
- The appearance of liquid in the joint is possible;
- Among the articular surfaces, it is possible infringement of cartilage particles, meniscus, synovial villi, as a result of which there is acute immobility (it can also pass abruptly);
- It is difficult to step on the leg;
- The articulation movement is developed.
The distribution development rate and the degree of severity of the symptoms depend on the presence or absence of additional traumatic factors.For example, stress or inflammatory processes will accelerate the destructive process.
Pathology diagnosis
For the diagnosis of gonarrosis, they use:
- Blood analysis (general and biochemist);
- radiography;
- arthroscopy;
- Ultrasound;
- Magnetic resonance
The most important diagnostic method to confirm the diagnosis of gonarrosis is radiography. Although it is not possible to consider the initial stages of the disease and the condition of the cartilaginous tissue in the X -rays, however, the bone changes in the second and third stages are clearly visible. This:
- narrow joint gap;
- Located along the bone contour, the edges of the border spikes kneades - osteophytes;
- changes in the periosteum;
- Change the height of one of the condyle and others.
However, you can consider the changes in more detail using arthroscopy. With your help, you can determine the condition of the cartilage, the meniscias, the synovial membrane. It is less common due to the possibility of severe trauma of the articulation, since, in fact, this is a mini-operation, which consists of several punctures. Sometimes, arthroscopy is used to treat knee joint (if necessary to eliminate a piece of broken cartilage or meniscus).
Ultrasound and magnetic resonance help detect changes in soft tissues of the knee joint with early osteoarthritis. These methods also show the condition of the cartilage, the synovial membrane and the liquid.
Treatment of knee joint osteoarthritis
The symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the knee joint lend themselves well to the conservative treatment in the early stages. This leads to long -term remission. Drug therapy, physio, exercise therapy, massage, popular remedies in the form of ointments and compresses are used. If the methods do not yet give a result and the deformation of the joint continues to develop, the pain intensifies and then uses surgical intervention.
The result of the treatment depends largely on the person himself, since only the daily implementation of therapeutic methods will help maintain the performance and quality of life for a long time.
Physiotherapeutic treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee joint according to the identified symptoms
Physiotherapeutic methods have a multidirectional action:
- Relieve/reduce pain;
- restore deteriorated metabolism in joint structures;
- stimulate the activity of the chondrocytes;
- Stop the inflammatory process and more.
The most common physical methods are shown below to treat the symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the knee joint.
In addition to paraffin therapy listed in applications, radon and hydrogen sulphide baths, and dirt are widely used to treat gonarrosis.
Exercise therapy as a means to treat the osteoarthritis of the knee joint
LFK classes with gonarrosis are carried out in such a way that it provides the articulation with the smallest load, for this you can sit or go to bed. The simplest but effective exercise will be the rocking chair of hanging the pimp as a pendulum. A greater effect can be achieved if the load is tied to the foot. In this case, tension or muscle relaxation will be clearly felt.
In a horizontal position, you can simulate a bicycle raising your legs and "pedaling. "If the physical condition allows it (symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee joint), for the treatment it is recommended to use an exercise bicycle. Such movements act not only in the knee, but also in the hip, as well as in the ankle joint, strengthening all muscle groups.
Massage treatment with osteoarthritis symptoms of the knee joint
With gonarrosis, massage is prescribed to prevent or eliminate muscle atrophy. Massage movements act on the muscle tissue changed in a three league.
- Of prolonged inaction inside the muscles, glued shapes. Massage movements destroy them, acting mechanically.
- Stretching movements irritate sensitive receptors in muscle cells. As a result, its innervation is restored and the tone increases.
- In muscle tissue, blood circulation is restored. This improves metabolic processes in joint structures.
The knee massage is performed in the following sequence: first massage the thigh (stroking, trembling, kneading, stroking). Each movement must be made 3-4 times. Then proceed to the articulation. On their sides, caressing and rubbing are used 3-5 times. The steel is performed in circular movements and rubs in a straight line.
Again they massage the thigh, the joint over and over again: the thigh. In the next stage, careful flexion and extension are performed in the joint (5–7 times), as well as an orderly rotation with the pimple and out (5-7 times). The massage is completed stroking the knee in the most painful places.
Such technique is more effective in warm water, approximately 38 degrees, or after the bathroom. The intensity depends on the presence/absence of pain.
Surgical treatment of the osteoarthritis of the knee joint
The indications for the operation are meniscus, ligamentary devices, severe damage to articular structures. Most of the time, this occurs in 3 stages of gonarrosis, when therapy becomes ineffective. Although the operation does not cure the osteoarthritis of the knee joint, symptoms and treatment significantly reduce its intensity: pain disappears, the possibility of leg support becomes. After that, a long and regular conservative therapy is necessarily prescribed.
Treatment methods Choose mainly:
- osteotomy;
- arthroplasty;
- arthrodesis;
- Endoprothetics.
Treatment of the symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the knee joint with popular remedies
The symptoms of the osteoarthritis of the knee joint are treated with popular remedies. Of course, they cannot completely stop the process, as well as eliminate existing deformation, but, when using them as an additional tool, you can eliminate pain, eliminate swelling, improve mobility. To do this, use creams, friction, ointments, infusions and other external products and inside.
- Take the fifth table. l. oats (it can grind it in a coffee grinder), pour 500 ml of water and boil for 10-15 minutes. From the resulting decoction, make compresses to the knee joint that lasts approximately one hour.
- Mix a part of the ground hops cones with 4 parts of the oil gelatin and rub the knee 3-4 times a day for 2-3 weeks. Then you must take a break, changing to another tool.
- Mix the crushed grass of hops, a bunker and San Juan's grass on the one hand (for example, 10 g each). Draque a mixture with 5 parts of the oil gelatin and rub on the joint 2 times a day.
- During the day, drink a decoction of pine shoots. For a glass of water, you need 10 g of kidneys. Boil for 5-10 minutes, Cuele.
Characteristics of water nutrition and consumption with osteoarthritis of the knee joint
Speaking about the characteristics of a disease such as the osteoarthritis of the knee joint (symptoms and treatment), popular remedies can also be considered compliance with diet and water consumption. All symptoms are a consequence of metabolic disorders, and metabolism depends directly on food consumed and liquid.Therefore, no conservative treatment will bring benefits if you do not review the diet.
Special attention should be paid to food to complete people who are at risk. Reduction of dishes calorie content, fractional nutrition, a change in cooking technology: all this contributes to gradual weight loss. In addition, salt must be limited and refined products, fast food and semi -end products should be removed.
The use of liquids is also important. Since osteoarthritis occurs due to the loss of water in the cartilage, people with a diagnosis of gonarrosis need to drink many liquids. In order not to form swelling, it must deal with the timely elimination of excess liquid from the body. You can use diuretics or drugs. You must drink around 2 liters per day of clean water, avoiding carbonated drinks, coffee or tea.
If you have symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee joint, begin the treatment immediately. The sooner the fight begins, the more possibilities of stopping destruction. There must be all the methods in service to affect the disease from different sides. About 20% of people with such a diagnosis were possible, thanks to perseverance and patience. Be healthy!